Iqbal and Pakistan Movement
Although his main interests were scholarly, Iqbal was not unconcerned with the political situation of the, country and the political fortunes of the Muslim community of India. Already in 1908, while in England, he had been chosen as a member of the executive council of the newly-established British branch of the Indian Muslim League. In [...]
Timeline of Pakistan Movement:
1817 Sir Syed Ahmad Khan born at Delhi 9th December 1837 Nawab Mohsin-ul-Mulk born at Etawah fondly known as Sayed Mehdi Ali 24th March 1841 Nawab Viqar-ul-Mulk born, who was named Mushtaq Hussain 10 May 1857 War of Independence started in Bengal by Indian soldiers against British. 1858 AD Soon after independence war, Sir Syed [...]
Pakistan’s pre-historic culture
Around 2000 BC Pakistan Indus urban system declined & collapsed, the fragmentation of Indus civilization into Regional, & Rural culture developed the bases for post urban phase of Pakistan, for 1500 years the great planned cities of Indus civilization no longer existed. The scattered evidences of post urban culture are available in all over Pakistan’s [...]
Overview of Two-Nation Theory and Independence
Those who argue that Hindus and Muslims are two irreconcilable nations simply based on the fact that India had to deal with Islamic invaders must also quantify how many of the sub-continent’s Muslims identified, or collaborated with such barbaric excesses of conquest. Did ordinary Muslims see Islamic invaders as their champions or liberators, as some [...]
Harappa
Harappa is an archaeological site in Punjab, northeast Pakistan, about 20 km (12 mi) west of Sahiwal. The site takes its name from a modern village located near the former course of the Ravi River, some 5 km (3 mi) southeast of the site. The site contains the ruins of a Bronze Age fortified city, [...]
The Kingdom of Gandhara
The Hindu and Buddhist architectural heritage of Pakistan is part of a long history of settlement and civilization in Pakistan. The Indus Valley civilization collapsed in the middle of the second millennium BCE and was followed by the Vedic Civilisation, which extended over much of northern India and Pakistan. The time period in the history [...]
Arrival of Muhammad Bin Qasim
Muhammad bin Qasim first captured Daibul. He then turned towards Nirun, near modern Hyderabad, where he easily overwhelmed the inhabitants. Dahir decided to oppose the Arabs at Raor. After a fierce struggle, Dahir was overpowered and killed. Raor fell into the hands of the Muslims. The Arab forces then occupied Alor and proceeded towards Multan. [...]
Hindu and Buddhist architectural heritage of Pakistan
Photograph of the temple and gateway in Kashmiri style at Malot, Jhelum District, taken by Joseph David Beglar in the 1870s. Alexander Cunningham wrote in his report for the Archaeological Survey of India in 1872-3, “The only remains of any antiquity at Mallot are a temple and gateway in the Kashmirian style of architecture. They [...]
Establishment of Muslim EmpirePlaces Conquered
Though Muslims entered South Asia with the conquest of Sindh by Muhammad bin Qasim and then with the annexation of Punjab by Mahmud Ghaznavi, yet the real credit of the establishment of Muslim rule in the region goes to Shahab-ud-din Muhammad Ghuri. The Ghurids had a long history of differences with the Ghaznavids, which ultimately [...]
Pakistan Movement and the Challenge Today
While there are many reasons for Pakistanis to complain and express their despair, maybe one thing we could all celebrate about on this year’s Pakistan Day is the rise in Pakistan’s literacy rate. Yes, despite the tightening of educational resources in Pakistan, the extraordinary voluntary efforts of concerned Pakistanis, as well as the human development [...]
